Wicked problems aren’t really problems at all. They’re polarities, also known as paradoxes. These are pairs of seemingly unrelated values or qualities that, over time, turn out to be interdependent. There are nuances to polarities, but many can be considered a variation on one of the following themes:

• Optimistic and realistic
• Activity and rest
• Change and stability
• Freedom and responsibility
• Candour and diplomacy

In situations marked by complexity, we frequently find ourselves in a deadlock debate, each side fiercely advocating for its position. When we notice that both sides have really good points and seem to be speaking from a place of wisdom and virtue, we can be confident that we are dealing with polarities.